{"id":809,"date":"2024-03-15T00:52:03","date_gmt":"2024-03-14T16:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/?p=809"},"modified":"2024-03-15T00:52:03","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T16:52:03","slug":"python%e4%bf%ae%e7%82%bc%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%a4%a91%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e7%9a%84%e5%a6%99%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/2024\/03\/15\/python%e4%bf%ae%e7%82%bc%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e5%a4%a91%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e7%9a%84%e5%a6%99%e7%94%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u4fee\u70bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff081\uff09\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5999\u7528\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>\u5728\u7ebfwifi\u8dd1\u5305 \u91d1\u521a\u5305\u8dd1\u5305 cap\u8dd1\u5305 hccapx ewsa\u5728\u7ebf \u5c31\u6765 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ccwifi.cc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u63e1\u624b\u5305\u8dd1\u5305<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u4f4d\u597d \u53c8\u89c1\u9762\u4e86 \u6211\u662f\u66f9\u64cd \u4eca\u5929\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7bc7\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u671b\u5404\u4f4d\u7ec6\u5fc3\u5b66\u4e60 \u4f4e\u8c03\u7528\u7f51<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1710435119930_0.jpg\" alt=\"\u5b57\u5178\u751f\u6210\u5668\"><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-text\">data = {\n    'a':[1,2,3],\n    'b':[4,5]\n}\ndata_set = {\n    'a':{1,2,3},\n    'b':{4,5},\n}\n# \u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u8fd8\u662f\u96c6\u5408\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u54c8\n# \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u4fdd\u6301\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u53bb\u6389\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u96c6\u5408\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\n# \u4f7f\u7528 collections \u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684 defaultdict \u6765\u6784\u9020\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b57\u5178\nfrom collections import defaultdict\ndata = defaultdict(list)\ndata['a'].append(1)\ndata['a'].append(2)\ndata['b'].append(3)\nprint(data.items()) # dict_items([('a', [1, 2]), ('b', [3])]) \ndata = defaultdict(set)\ndata['a'].add(1)\ndata['a'].add(1)\ndata['b'].add(4)\ndata['b'].add(3)\ndata['a'].add(5)\nprint(data.items()) # dict_items([('a', {1, 2}), ('b', {4})])<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"language-text\"># \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\nprices = {\n    'ACME': 45.23,\n    'AAPL': 612.78,\n    'IBM': 205.55,\n    'HPQ': 37.20,\n    'FB': 10.75\n}\n# \u67e5\u627e\u6700\u5c0f\u548c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u952e\u548c\u503c\nmin_price = min(zip(prices.values(), prices.keys()))\nprint(min_price) # (10.75, 'FB')\nmax_price = max(zip(prices.values(), prices.keys()))\nprint(max_price) # (612.78, 'AAPL')\n# \u4f7f\u7528zip() \u548c sorted() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6392\u5217\u5b57\u5178\u6570\u636e\nprice_sorted = sorted(zip(prices.values(),prices.keys()))\nprint(price_sorted) # [(10.75, 'FB'), (37.2, 'HPQ'), (45.23, 'ACME'), (205.55, 'IBM'), (612.78, 'AAPL')]\nprices_and_names = zip(prices.values(), prices.keys())\nprint(min(prices_and_names)) # (10.75, 'FB')\n#  zip() \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\n# print(max(prices_and_names)) # ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\nprint(min(prices, key=lambda k:prices[k])) # \u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u5f97\u952e FB\n# \u5982\u679c\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u952e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\nprint(prices[min(prices, key=lambda k:prices[k])]) # 10.75\n'''\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u4e86 (\u952e\uff0c\u503c) \u5bf9\u3002\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u503c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\n\u952e\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c min() \u548c max() \u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6070\u5de7\u6700\u5c0f\u6216\n\u6700\u5927\u503c\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u5c0f\u6216\u6700\u5927\u952e\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de'''\nprices = { 'ccc' : 45.23, 'AAA': 45.23 }\nprint(min(zip(prices.values(),prices.keys()))) # (45.23, 'AAA')\nprint(max(zip(prices.values(),prices.keys()))) # (45.23, 'ccc')<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u575a\u6301\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01 <\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u600e\u6837\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff08\u4e5f\u53eb multidict\uff09\uff1f \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u8981\u6620\u5c04\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u5217\u8868\u6216\u8005\u96c6\u5408\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u5178\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u3001\u6700\u5927\u503c\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\uff1f <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1710435119930_2.jpg\" alt=\"\u5b57\u5178\u751f\u6210\u5668\"><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-text\">a = {\n    'x': 1,\n    'y': 2,\n    'z': 3,\n}\nb = {\n    'w': 10,\n    'x': 11,\n    'y': 2,\n}\nprint( a.keys() &amp; b.keys() ) # \u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684key  {'y', 'x'}\nprint( a.keys() - b.keys() ) # \u5f97\u5230a\u91cc\u9762b\u6ca1\u6709\u7684key  {'z'}\nprint( a.items() - b.items() ) # \u5f97\u5230a,b\u91cc\u9762\u76f8\u540c\u7684key\uff0cvalue  {'z'}\n#\u4ee5\u73b0\u6709\u5b57\u5178\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u9664\u51e0\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u952e\u7684\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\u3002\nprint({key:a[key] for key in a.keys() - {'z','w'}})\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1710435119930_4.png\" alt=\"\u5b57\u5178\u751f\u6210\u5668\"><\/p>\n<p>3\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u70b9\uff08\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u503c\uff09\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a <\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u96c6\u5408\u4e0e\u503c\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u7684 keys() \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c55\u73b0\u952e\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u952e\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u952e\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u96c6\u5408\u5e76\u3001\u4ea4\u3001\u5dee\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5bf9\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u952e\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u666e\u901a\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u952e\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u5148\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a set\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u7684 items() \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b (\u952e\uff0c\u503c) \u5bf9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u89c6\u56fe\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b57\u5178\u7684 values() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u503c\u89c6\u56fe\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u503c\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u786c\u8981\u5728\u503c\u4e0a\u9762\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5c06\u503c\u96c6\u5408\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 set\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6267\u884c\u96c6\u5408\u8fd0\u7b97\u5c31\u884c\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>\u6765\u81ea\u4e66\u7c4d\u300aPython Cookbook\u300b\u9700\u8981\u8d44\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u8a00\u54c8\uff01 <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-text\"># \u5229\u7528\u96c6\u5408\u6216\u8005\u751f\u6210\u5668\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\ndef dedupe(items,key=None):\n    seen = set()\n    for item in items:\n        val = item if key is None else key(item)\n        if val not in seen:\n            print(val)\n            yield item\n            seen.add(val)\na = [ {'x':1, 'y':2}, {'x':1, 'y':3}, {'x':1, 'y':2}, {'x':2, 'y':4}]\nprint(list(dedupe(a, key=lambda d: (d['x'],d['y'])))) # [{'x': 1, 'y': 2}, {'x': 1, 'y': 3}, {'x': 2, 'y': 4}]\nprint(list(dedupe(a, key=lambda d: (d['x'])))) # [{'x': 1, 'y': 2}, {'x': 2, 'y': 4}]\n# \u540c\u6837\u5217\u8868\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u5408\u6216\u8005\u751f\u6210\u5668\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff01\ndef dedupe(items):\n    seen = set()\n    for item in items:\n        if item not in seen:\n            yield item\n            seen.add(item)\na = [1, 5, 2, 1, 9, 1, 5, 10]\nprint(list(dedupe(a))) # list\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5e26\u54e6  \u4e0d\u5e26list\u751f\u6210\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\nprint(set(a)) # \u5982\u679c\u53ea\u60f3\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528set()\n\u2018\u2019\u2018\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\n\u2018\u2019\u2019\nwith open(file,'r') as f:\n\tfor line in dedupe(f):\n\t\tprint(line)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><!-- \u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90:https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/80002645 --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Python\u4fee\u70bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff081\uff09\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5999\u7528\uff01\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u575a\u6301\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff011\u3001\u600e\u6837\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u5bf9\u5e94\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff08\u4e5f\u53eb multidict\uff09\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u8981\u6620\u5c04\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u5217\u8868\u6216\u8005\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":810,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/809\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=809"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}