{"id":1049,"date":"2024-03-16T00:25:46","date_gmt":"2024-03-15T16:25:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/?p=1049"},"modified":"2024-03-16T00:25:46","modified_gmt":"2024-03-15T16:25:46","slug":"linux%e5%90%af%e5%8a%a8%e8%bf%87%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/2024\/03\/16\/linux%e5%90%af%e5%8a%a8%e8%bf%87%e7%a8%8b\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>\u5728\u7ebfwifi\u8dd1\u5305 \u91d1\u521a\u5305\u8dd1\u5305 cap\u8dd1\u5305 hccapx ewsa\u5728\u7ebf \u5c31\u6765 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ccwifi.cc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u63e1\u624b\u5305\u8dd1\u5305<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u4f4d\u597d \u53c8\u89c1\u9762\u4e86 \u6211\u662f\u66f9\u64cd \u4eca\u5929\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7bc7\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u671b\u5404\u4f4d\u7ec6\u5fc3\u5b66\u4e60 \u4f4e\u8c03\u7528\u7f51<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<pre><code class=\"language-text\">\u2460.\u68c0\u67e5\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\uff08cpu\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u663e\u5361\uff0c\u7f51\u5361\u7b49\uff09\u3002 \n\u2461.\u6839\u636eBIOS\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u786c\u76d8\uff0cU\u76d8\uff0c\u5149\u9a71\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\uff09\u3010\u786c\u76d8\u542f\u52a8==\u8bfb\u53d6\u786c\u76d8\u76840\u67f1\u97620\u78c1\u90531\u6247\u533a\uff08MBR\uff09\u7684\u524d446\u5b57\u8282\uff08\u5171512\uff0c\u540e64\u4e3a\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u5217\u8868\uff09\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u3011\n\u2462.\u63a7\u5236\u533a\u8f6c\u7ed9MBR\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684bootloader <\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"language-text\">\u2460 stage1\u662f\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u5230MBR\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0MBR\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5MBR\u5f53\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u6709bootloader\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u542f\u52a8\u88c5\u8f7dstage2\n\u2461 stage1.5\u5728MBR\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u542f\u52a8\u5206\u533a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cstage1.5\u662fstage1\u548cstage2\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002GRUB\u8bbf\u95ee\/boot\u5206\u533agrub\u4e0b\u9762\u7684stage\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06stage2\u6587\u4ef6\u8f7d\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u6267\u3002\n\u2462 stage2\u9636\u6bb5\u89e3\u6790grub\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \/boot\u5206\u533a\u4e0b\u7684\/grub\/grub.conf\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u83dc\u5355\uff0c\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u6838\u5230\u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\/boot\/initrd\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u865a\u62dfDAM disk\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5185\u6838\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"12bios3mbrmbrmbrbootloadergrub\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5.\u786c\u4ef6\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b  ### 1.\u5f00\u542f\u7535\u6e90  ### 2.BIOS\uff08\u57fa\u672c\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09  ### 3.MBR\uff08\u4e3b\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6247\u533a&#8211;MBR\u5305\u542b\u4e3b\u5f15\u5bfc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u786c\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u8868\u548c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u6807\u8bc6\u3002MBR\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08bootloader\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662fGRUB\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u88c5\u65f6\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/h2>\n<pre><code class=\"language-text\">\u200b     0 - halt (\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u673a)\n\u3000\u30001 - single user mode (\u5355\u4eba\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528)\n\u3000\u30002 - Multi-user\uff0c without NFS (\u7c7b\u4f3c3\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5c11\u4e86NFS\u670d\u52a1)\n\u3000\u30003 - Full multi-user mode (\u5b8c\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u662f\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f)\n\u3000\u30004 - unused (\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u7559\u529f\u80fd)\n\u3000\u30005 - X11 (\u4e0e3\u6a21\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u662fX\u7ec8\u7aef\u663e\u793a)\n\u3000\u30006 - reboot (\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u673a)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"grub\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5.GRUB\u542f\u52a8\u5f15\u5bfc\u9636\u6bb5<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1710519939561_2.png\" alt=\"u\u76d8\u542f\u52a8cdlinux\u6b65\u9aa4\"><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"initcpuiogrubconfrootsbininit\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5.\u5185\u6838\u5f15\u5bfc\u9636\u6bb5  \u8c03\u7528\u865a\u62df\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684init\uff0c\u52a0\u8f7d\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u5757\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u5907\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5305\u62ecCPU\u3001I\/O\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u7531grub.conf\u4e2d\u7684\u201croot=\u201d\u6307\u5b9a\uff09\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u7528\/sbin\/init\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/h2>\n<pre><code class=\"language-text\">1. \u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u4e3b\u673a\u7c7b\u578b\n2. \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u672c\u6b22\u8fce\u4fe1\u606f\n3. \u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u542f\u52a8selinux\n4. \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u8f7d\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907\/proc\u53causb\u8bbe\u5907\n5. \u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u5373\u63d2\u5373\u7528\uff08pnp\uff09\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\n6. \u6302\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u5728fatab\u5f53\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\n7. \u52a0\u8f7d\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u6309\u201c\/etc\/sysctl.conf\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\n8. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4\n9. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7684\u5b57\u5f62\n10. \u8bbe\u7f6eraid\u4e0eLVM\u7b49\u786c\u76d8\u529f\u80fd\n11. \u4ee5fack\u68c0\u67e5\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\n12. \u8fdb\u884c\u78c1\u76d8\u914d\u989dquota\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\n13. \u91cd\u65b0\u4ee5\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f7d\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u78c1\u76d8\n14. \u542f\u52a8quota\u529f\u80fd\n15. \u542f\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u968f\u673a\u6570\u8bbe\u5907\n16. \u6e05\u695a\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\n17. \u5c06\u542f\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\/var\/log\/dmesg\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"language-text\"> 1.\/etc\/rc.d\/rc#.d   \u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u542f\u52a8\u542f\u52a8\u5bf9\u5e94\/etc\/rc.d\/rc#.d \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff08#\u4e3a0-6\uff09 s start k stop\n2. \/etc\/rc\/local  \u52a0\u8f7d\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code class=\"language-text\">\u200b       *\/etc\/nologin \u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u51c6\u767b\u5f55 \n\u200b       \/etc\/usertty  \u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u505a\u51fa\u9644\u8fd1\u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\n\u200b       \/etc\/securetty  \u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u624d\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4efb\u4f55\u7ec8\u7aef\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u5f55\n\u200b      \/etc\/passwd &amp; \/etc\/shadow   \u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5bc6\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f55\u79cdshell<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><!-- \u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90:https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/475361494 --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"etcinittab\">\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5.\u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9636\u6bb5  \u2460 \u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/inittab\u6587\u4ef6\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/h2>\n<p>\u2461 \u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/rc.sysinit\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u2462 \u52a0\u8f7d\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1sbinmingetty6varloglastlogvarspoolmailetcprofilebash_profilebash_loginprofile\">\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5.\u542f\u52a8\u7ec8\u7aef  1.\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\/sbin\/mingetty\u6253\u5f006\u4e2a\u7eaf\u6587\u672c\u7ec8\u7aef  \u2460 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u767b\u5f55  \u2461 \u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u5c4f\u5e55\u8f93\u51fa\/var\/log\/lastlog\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\/var\/spool\/mail\/\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u662f\u5426\u6709\u65b0\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u52a0\u8f7d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\/etc\/profile\u3001.bash<em>profile\u3001.bash<\/em>login\u3001.profile\uff09\u3002<\/h2>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u4e3a5\uff0c\u5219\u6253\u5f00X\u7a97\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux \u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b## \u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5.\u786c\u4ef6\u542f\u52a8\u6d41\u7a0b### 1.\u6253\u5f00\u7535\u6e90### 2.BIOS\uff08basic input\/output system \u57fa\u672c\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09### 3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1050,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-1049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1049","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1049"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1049\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1049"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ccwifi.cc\/blogs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=1049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}